:root {
      --ink: #172033;
      --ink-soft: #536074;
      --navy: #0b1220;
      --navy-2: #16223a;
      --paper: #ffffff;
      --paper-alt: #f6f7f9;
      --paper-warm: #fbfaf7;
      --line: #e6e9ee;
      --accent: #f08a24;
      --accent-soft: #fff1e4;
      --blue-soft: #edf4ff;
      --radius: 18px;
      --shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(12, 25, 48, 0.08);
    }

    html {
      scroll-behavior: smooth;
    }
    .skip-link {
      position: fixed;
      top: 0.75rem;
      left: 0.75rem;
      z-index: 2000;
      padding: 0.7rem 1rem;
      border-radius: 10px;
      background: #ffffff;
      color: #0b1220;
      font-weight: 700;
      transform: translateY(-160%);
      transition: transform 0.15s ease;
      box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
    }

    .skip-link:focus {
      transform: translateY(0);
    }

    :focus-visible {
      outline: 3px solid #ffb45f;
      outline-offset: 3px;
    }

    section[id] {
      scroll-margin-top: 76px;
    }

    .footer-separator {
      margin: 0 0.35rem;
      opacity: 0.6;
    }

    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
      html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
      *, *::before, *::after {
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
      }
      .pub-card:hover,
      .project-card:hover { transform: none; }
    }


    body {
      font-family: "Inter", sans-serif;
      color: var(--ink);
      background: var(--paper);
      line-height: 1.75;
    }

    p,
    .text-muted {
      color: var(--ink-soft) !important;
    }

    a {
      color: #b85a0a;
    }

    a:hover {
      color: #8f4305;
    }

    h1,
    h2,
    h3,
    h4,
    h5,
    h6,
    .navbar-brand,
    .btn {
      font-family: "Inter", sans-serif;
    }

    .page-section {
      padding: 96px 0;
    }

    .section-heading {
      font-size: 2rem !important;
      font-weight: 750 !important;
      letter-spacing: -0.03em;
      text-transform: none !important;
      margin-bottom: 0.8rem !important;
      color: var(--ink);
    }

    .section-subheading {
      max-width: 760px;
      margin-left: auto !important;
      margin-right: auto !important;
      margin-bottom: 3.4rem !important;
      font-family: "Source Serif 4", serif !important;
      font-size: 1.1rem !important;
      line-height: 1.65;
      font-style: normal !important;
      color: #6d7685 !important;
    }

    .eyebrow {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.5rem;
      padding: 0.45rem 0.78rem;
      border-radius: 999px;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.07);
      color: #f4f6fa;
      font-size: 0.76rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.08em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    }

    /* Navigation */
    #mainNav {
      padding-top: 0.85rem;
      padding-bottom: 0.85rem;
      background: rgba(11, 18, 32, 0.88);
      backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
      -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
      border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
    }

    #mainNav .navbar-brand {
      color: #fff;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: -0.02em;
      font-size: 1rem;
    }

    #mainNav .navbar-nav .nav-item .nav-link {
      font-size: 0.75rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      letter-spacing: 0.07em;
      color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
    }

    #mainNav .navbar-nav .nav-item .nav-link:hover,
    #mainNav .navbar-nav .nav-item .nav-link.active {
      color: #fff;
    }

    #mainNav .nav-item-github {
      margin-left: 0.45rem;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
    }

    #mainNav .navbar-nav .nav-item .nav-github {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.42rem;
      padding: 0.48rem 0.8rem;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
      border-radius: 999px;
      color: #fff;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
      transition: background 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease;
    }

    #mainNav .navbar-nav .nav-item .nav-github:hover,
    #mainNav .navbar-nav .nav-item .nav-github:focus {
      color: #fff;
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
      border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.38);
    }

    #mainNav .navbar-toggler {
      padding: 0.62rem 0.78rem;
      border: 0;
      border-radius: 10px;
      background: #b85a0a;
      color: #fff;
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.04em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    #mainNav .navbar-toggler:focus {
      outline: 3px solid #ffb45f;
      outline-offset: 2px;
    }

    /* Hero */
    header.masthead {
      position: relative;
      overflow: hidden;
      min-height: 700px;
      padding: 150px 0 105px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 80% 20%, rgba(240, 138, 36, 0.19), transparent 28%),
        radial-gradient(circle at 20% 80%, rgba(55, 112, 220, 0.18), transparent 26%),
        linear-gradient(135deg, #09111f 0%, #101c32 54%, #17253e 100%) !important;
      color: #fff;
    }

    header.masthead::before {
      content: "";
      position: absolute;
      inset: 0;
      opacity: 0.32;
      background-image:
        radial-gradient(circle at 12% 25%, rgba(255,255,255,0.35) 0 1px, transparent 1.8px),
        radial-gradient(circle at 29% 66%, rgba(255,255,255,0.28) 0 1px, transparent 1.8px),
        radial-gradient(circle at 73% 35%, rgba(255,255,255,0.26) 0 1px, transparent 1.8px),
        radial-gradient(circle at 88% 75%, rgba(255,255,255,0.20) 0 1px, transparent 1.8px);
      background-size: 180px 180px, 230px 230px, 210px 210px, 270px 270px;
      pointer-events: none;
    }

    header.masthead .container {
      position: relative;
      z-index: 2;
      width: 100%;
      max-width: 100%;
      padding-left: clamp(1.25rem, 3.5vw, 4.5rem);
      padding-right: clamp(1.25rem, 3.5vw, 4.5rem);
    }

    .hero-grid {
      display: block;
    }

    .hero-copy {
      width: 100%;
      max-width: none;
      text-align: center;
    }

    .hero-name {
      font-size: clamp(4rem, 7.6vw, 7rem);
      line-height: 0.94;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: -0.06em;
      margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
      color: #fff;
      white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .hero-statement {
      max-width: 980px;
      font-family: "Source Serif 4", serif;
      font-size: clamp(1.28rem, 1.8vw, 1.65rem);
      line-height: 1.5;
      color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
      margin: 0 auto 2rem;
    }

    .hero-meta {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 0.8rem 1.25rem;
      color: rgba(255,255,255,0.66);
      font-size: 0.86rem;
      margin-bottom: 2rem;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    .hero-meta span i {
      color: var(--accent);
      margin-right: 0.4rem;
    }

    .hero-actions {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 0.75rem;
      justify-content: center;
    }

    .hero-actions .btn {
      border-radius: 999px;
      padding: 0.85rem 1.35rem;
      font-size: 0.78rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    }

    .hero-copy::after {
      content: "";
      display: block;
      width: 78px;
      height: 3px;
      margin: 2.5rem auto 0;
      border-radius: 999px;
      background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), rgba(240, 138, 36, 0));
    }

    .btn-primary {
      background: #b85a0a;
      border-color: #b85a0a;
      color: #fff;
    }

    .btn-primary:hover,
    .btn-primary:focus {
      background: #8f4305;
      border-color: #8f4305;
      color: #fff;
    }

    .btn-projects {
      color: var(--navy);
      border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);
    }

    .btn-projects:hover,
    .btn-projects:focus {
      color: var(--navy);
      border-color: #fff;
      background: #fff;
    }

    .btn-ghost {
      color: #fff;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.26);
      background: rgba(255,255,255,0.05);
    }

    .btn-ghost:hover {
      color: #fff;
      border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
      background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    }


    /* About */
    .about-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1.35fr 0.85fr;
      gap: 3.5rem;
      align-items: start;
    }

    .about-copy p {
      font-family: "Source Serif 4", serif;
      font-size: 1.14rem;
      line-height: 1.8;
    }

    .about-panel {
      border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
      padding-left: 2rem;
    }

    .about-item {
      padding: 0 0 1.2rem;
      margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .about-item:last-child {
      border-bottom: 0;
      margin-bottom: 0;
      padding-bottom: 0;
    }

    .about-item span {
      display: block;
      color: #81899a;
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.08em;
      margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
    }

    .about-item strong {
      font-size: 0.94rem;
      font-weight: 650;
    }

    .profile-pill {
      display: inline-block;
      margin: 0.3rem 0.3rem 0 0;
      padding: 0.52rem 0.8rem;
      border-radius: 999px;
      background: var(--paper-alt);
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      color: #556071;
      font-size: 0.78rem;
      font-weight: 500;
    }

    /* Research */
    #research {
      background: var(--paper-alt);
    }

    .research-focus {
      position: relative;
      overflow: hidden;
      background: #fff;
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      border-radius: 24px;
      box-shadow: var(--shadow);
      padding: 2.4rem;
    }

    .research-focus::after {
      content: "";
      position: absolute;
      width: 190px;
      height: 190px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      right: -95px;
      top: -95px;
      background: var(--accent-soft);
    }

    .research-intro {
      max-width: 790px;
      margin: 0 auto 2.2rem;
      font-family: "Source Serif 4", serif;
      font-size: 1.12rem;
      line-height: 1.75;
      text-align: center;
      position: relative;
      z-index: 2;
    }

    .research-pipeline {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
      gap: 0.85rem;
      position: relative;
      z-index: 2;
    }

    .pipeline-step {
      position: relative;
      padding: 1.25rem 1rem 1.15rem;
      min-height: 168px;
      border-radius: 16px;
      background: #fbfcfd;
      border: 1px solid #e8ebef;
    }

    .pipeline-step:not(:last-child)::after {
      content: "→";
      position: absolute;
      right: -0.72rem;
      top: 50%;
      transform: translateY(-50%);
      color: #a6aeba;
      z-index: 3;
      font-size: 1.05rem;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .pipeline-number {
      font-size: 0.68rem;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.1em;
      color: var(--accent);
      margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
    }

    .pipeline-step i {
      font-size: 1.35rem;
      color: #304d7a;
      margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    }

    .pipeline-step h4 {
      font-size: 0.9rem;
      line-height: 1.35;
      margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .pipeline-step p {
      margin: 0;
      font-size: 0.73rem;
      line-height: 1.5;
    }

    .inductive-note {
      margin-top: 1rem;
      padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
      border-radius: 12px;
      background: var(--blue-soft);
      color: #3d587e;
      font-size: 0.78rem;
      text-align: center;
      position: relative;
      z-index: 2;
    }

    .question-card {
      height: 100%;
      background: #fff;
      border-radius: 18px;
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      padding: 1.55rem;
      transition: transform 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease;
    }

    .question-card:hover {
      transform: translateY(-3px);
      box-shadow: 0 14px 35px rgba(12, 25, 48, 0.08);
    }

    .question-index {
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      font-weight: 750;
      letter-spacing: 0.1em;
      color: var(--accent);
      margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
    }

    .question-card h4 {
      font-size: 1rem;
      line-height: 1.45;
      margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
    }

    /* Projects */
    #projects {
      background: var(--paper);
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .project-card {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      height: 100%;
      overflow: hidden;
      border-radius: 18px;
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      background: #fff;
      transition: transform 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease;
    }

    .project-card:hover {
      transform: translateY(-3px);
      box-shadow: 0 14px 35px rgba(12, 25, 48, 0.08);
    }

    .project-visual {
      position: relative;
      height: 168px;
      margin: 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
      background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 84% 18%, rgba(240, 138, 36, 0.13), transparent 28%),
        linear-gradient(145deg, #f8fafc 0%, #f1f5fa 100%);
    }

    .project-visual::after {
      content: "";
      position: absolute;
      inset: 0;
      pointer-events: none;
      background-image: radial-gradient(rgba(48, 77, 122, 0.13) 0.7px, transparent 0.7px);
      background-size: 13px 13px;
      mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0,0,0,0.7), transparent 82%);
      -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0,0,0,0.7), transparent 82%);
    }

    .project-visual img {
      position: relative;
      z-index: 1;
      display: block;
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      object-fit: contain;
      padding: 0.15rem 0.2rem 0.3rem;
    }

    .project-visual-label {
      position: absolute;
      z-index: 2;
      left: 1rem;
      bottom: 0.8rem;
      padding: 0.3rem 0.52rem;
      border-radius: 7px;
      background: rgba(255,255,255,0.82);
      border: 1px solid rgba(223, 228, 235, 0.88);
      color: #697487;
      font-size: 0.62rem;
      line-height: 1;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.07em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
      -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
    }

    .project-content {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      flex: 1;
      padding: 1.45rem 1.55rem 1.55rem;
    }

    .project-topline {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      gap: 0.8rem;
      margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
    }

    .project-type {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.42rem;
      color: #304d7a;
      font-size: 0.7rem;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.05em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    .project-type i {
      color: var(--accent);
    }

    .project-status {
      font-size: 0.64rem;
      font-weight: 700;
      letter-spacing: 0.07em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #7a8492;
      text-align: right;
    }

    .project-card h3 {
      font-size: 1.05rem;
      line-height: 1.4;
      margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .project-description {
      font-family: "Source Serif 4", serif;
      font-size: 0.96rem;
      line-height: 1.65;
      margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
    }

    .project-tags {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 0.4rem;
      margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    }

    .project-tag {
      display: inline-block;
      padding: 0.34rem 0.58rem;
      border-radius: 999px;
      background: var(--paper-alt);
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      color: #687386;
      font-size: 0.67rem;
      font-weight: 600;
    }

    .project-link {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.42rem;
      margin-top: auto;
      font-size: 0.78rem;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .project-link i:last-child {
      font-size: 0.68rem;
      margin-left: 0.05rem;
      opacity: 0.7;
    }

    .pub-record-icon {
      color: #304d7a;
    }

    /* Timeline */
    .timeline {
      position: relative;
      max-width: 900px;
      margin: 0 auto;
      padding-left: 2rem;
    }

    .timeline:before {
      content: "";
      position: absolute;
      left: 0.48rem;
      top: 0.25rem;
      bottom: 0;
      width: 1px;
      background: #dfe3e8;
    }

    .timeline-item {
      position: relative;
      padding: 0 0 2.25rem 1.65rem;
    }

    .timeline-item:before {
      content: "";
      position: absolute;
      left: -1.82rem;
      top: 0.36rem;
      width: 12px;
      height: 12px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: #fff;
      border: 3px solid var(--accent);
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #fff;
    }

    .timeline-date {
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.08em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: #8a93a1;
      margin-bottom: 0.28rem;
      font-weight: 600;
    }

    .timeline-item h4 {
      margin-bottom: 0.16rem;
      font-size: 1.06rem;
      font-weight: 700;
      color: var(--ink) !important;
    }

    .timeline-item h5 {
      font-size: 0.92rem;
      font-weight: 500;
      color: #607086;
      margin-bottom: 0.52rem;
    }

    .academic-link {
      color: inherit;
      text-decoration: none;
      border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
      transition: color 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease;
    }

    .academic-link:hover,
    .academic-link:focus {
      color: #a44d05;
      text-decoration: none;
      border-bottom-color: rgba(164, 77, 5, 0.45);
    }

    .academic-link .fa-external-link-alt {
      font-size: 0.68em;
      margin-left: 0.28rem;
      opacity: 0.7;
      vertical-align: 0.06em;
    }

    /* Publications */
    #publications {
      background: var(--paper-warm);
    }

    .pub-card {
      height: 100%;
      background: #fff;
      border-radius: 18px;
      border: 1px solid #ece9e2;
      padding: 1.55rem;
      transition: transform 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease;
    }

    .pub-card:hover {
      transform: translateY(-3px);
      box-shadow: 0 14px 35px rgba(53, 45, 30, 0.08);
    }

    .pub-card h4 {
      line-height: 1.45;
      font-size: 1rem;
      margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    }

    .pub-meta {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.45rem;
      margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      color: #747d89;
      font-weight: 600;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    }

    .pub-dot {
      width: 5px;
      height: 5px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: var(--accent);
    }

    .doi-link {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.35rem;
      margin-top: 0.6rem;
      font-size: 0.78rem;
      font-weight: 650;
    }

    /* Expertise */
    .mini-section {
      padding-top: 64px;
      padding-bottom: 64px;
    }

    .expertise-card {
      height: 100%;
      padding: 1.4rem;
      border-radius: 16px;
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      background: #fff;
    }

    .expertise-card i {
      font-size: 1.25rem;
      color: #304d7a;
      margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    }

    .expertise-card h4 {
      font-size: 0.95rem;
      font-weight: 700;
      margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
    }

    .community-strip {
      padding-top: 70px;
      padding-bottom: 70px;
      background: #f3f6fa;
      border-top: 1px solid #e8ebef;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #e8ebef;
    }

    .community-strip .section-subheading {
      margin-bottom: 2.35rem !important;
    }

    .info-card {
      height: 100%;
      max-width: 340px;
      margin: 0 auto;
      padding: 1.5rem 1.35rem;
      border-radius: 16px;
      border: 1px solid #e1e6ed;
      background: rgba(255,255,255,0.72);
    }

    .info-card h4 {
      font-size: 0.92rem;
      margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
      color: var(--ink);
    }

    .info-card h4 i {
      color: #304d7a;
    }

    .info-card p {
      line-height: 1.7;
    }

    /* Contact */
    #contact {
      background: var(--navy);
      color: #fff;
    }

    #contact .section-heading,
    #contact .service-heading {
      color: #fff !important;
    }

    #contact .section-subheading,
    #contact p {
      color: rgba(255,255,255,0.62) !important;
    }

    #contact a {
      color: #ffad60;
    }

    .contact-card {
      height: 100%;
      padding: 1.35rem;
      border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.10);
      border-radius: 16px;
      background: rgba(255,255,255,0.04);
    }

    footer.footer {
      background: #070d18;
      color: rgba(255,255,255,0.62);
      padding: 1.4rem 0;
    }

    footer.footer a {
      color: rgba(255,255,255,0.76);
    }

    footer.footer a:hover {
      color: #fff;
    }

    footer.footer .social-buttons li a {
      display: inline-flex;
      width: 38px;
      height: 38px;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
      text-decoration: none;
      transition: background 0.15s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
    }

    footer.footer .social-buttons li a:hover,
    footer.footer .social-buttons li a:focus {
      background: rgba(255,255,255,0.18);
      transform: translateY(-1px);
    }

    footer.footer .copyright {
      font-size: 0.82rem;
    }

    @media (max-width: 991px) {
      header.masthead {
        padding-top: 135px;
        min-height: auto;
      }

      .hero-name {
        white-space: normal;
        font-size: clamp(3.4rem, 10vw, 5.5rem);
      }

      #mainNav .nav-item-github {
        margin-left: 0;
        margin-top: 0.45rem;
      }

      #mainNav .navbar-nav .nav-item .nav-github {
        width: max-content;
      }

      .about-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
      }

      .about-panel {
        border-left: 0;
        border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
        padding-left: 0;
        padding-top: 1.5rem;
      }

      .research-pipeline {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      }

      .pipeline-step:not(:last-child)::after {
        display: none;
      }
    }

    @media (max-width: 575px) {
      .page-section {
        padding: 76px 0;
      }

      .hero-name {
        font-size: 3.15rem;
      }

      .hero-statement {
        font-size: 1.18rem;
      }

      .hero-meta {
        display: block;
      }

      .hero-meta span {
        display: block;
        margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
      }

      .research-focus {
        padding: 1.3rem;
      }

      .project-visual {
        height: 150px;
      }

      .project-content {
        padding: 1.3rem;
      }

      .research-pipeline {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
      }

      .section-heading {
        font-size: 1.7rem !important;
      }
    }